The effects of emotions on the disposition to normative and non-normative political action in the context of the Chilean post-social outburst.

This article analyzes the role of Chileans' emotions as predictors of normative and non-normative political action in the context of the post-social outbreak and the constituent process. We carried out three descriptive studies: first, a study conducted 1 year after the social outburst (n = 607), a second one carried out before the constitutional referendum (n = 320), and a third study conducted after the constitutional referendum (n = 210). The results indicated that participants present a higher disposition to normative over non-normative political action, although both lose strength as the studies temporally move away from the social outburst. Also, our research established that emotions directed towards different events related to the Chilean political process play a conspicuous role in predicting the disposition to mobilize in a normative and non-normative way.

Perceived Emotional Synchrony in Collective Gatherings: Validation of a Short Scale and Proposition of an Integrative Measure.

Over the past decade, there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between participation in collective gatherings and rituals and different important psychosocial variables and processes, such as social sharing of emotions, group cohesion, identity fusion, prosocial tendencies and behaviors, and well-being (e.g., Rimé, 2009; Xygalatas et al., 2013; Khan et al., 2015; Páez et al., 2015). These studies, coming from different lines of research, have proposed diverse explanatory mechanisms to explain the positive social and psychological effects of collective gatherings. In the present article, we focus on one of these mechanisms, known as collective effervescence, emotional communion, emotional entrainment, or perceived emotional synchrony (PES). First, we briefly discuss current conceptions of the emotional states and experience during collective gatherings and what they bring to the definition of PES. We close this point by proposing an integrative definition of PES. Second, structural validity of the original PES scale is examined. Third, incremental validity of PES is examined in two longitudinal studies, particularly with respect to well-being. Finally, we propose an integrative short form of the PES Scale, which measures antecedents and behavioral effects of collective effervescence.

Memories of Boys, Girls, and Adolescent Victims of Political Prison and Torture by the Chilean Military-Civilian Dictatorship.

This article reconstructs and analyzes the memories of victims of political prison and torture during the Chilean Military-Civilian Dictatorship who were minors when they experienced this violence. Participants in the study were 11 adults, six women and five men from the region of Valparaíso, who were victims of State terrorism during childhood and adolescence. The information production technique used was the focus group. A textual analysis was performed, based on interdisciplinary contributions from interpretation theory and discourse theories. The analysis of the information identified distinctive elements in the traumatic memories according to the sex-gender system associated with the private/public and passivity/agency dimensions. The results of this study reveal the urgent need to recognize boys, girls, and adolescents as people with rights who should be protected by both adults and States. Moreover, these results emphasize the need to implement early intervention programs in people affected by psychosocial traumas and disasters of different types, and improve their quality of life.

Xenofobia y Homofobia como Efectos de la Orientación Política, Religión y Sexo Mediados por Clasismo y Patriocentrismo en Jóvenes Universitarios Chilenos / Xenophobia and Homophobia as Effects of Politics, Religion and Sex Orientation Measured by Classism and Patriocentrism in Chilean University Students / Xenofobia e Homofobia como Efeitos da Orientação Política, da Religião e do Sexo Mediados por Classismo e Patriocentrismo em Jovens Universitários Chilenos

Resumen La presente investigación examina, en estudiantes universitarios chilenos, la relación entre xenofobia, homofobia y las variables: sexo, religión y orientación política. También se evalúa el papel mediador del clasismo y patriocentrismo en la relación entre las variables sociodemográficas y la xenofobia y homofobia. Se utilizó metodología cuantitativa con diseño descriptivo correlacional. Los participantes fueron 509 estudiantes, con promedio de 20,81 años de edad (DT = 2,25). Se utilizó un cuestionario abreviado basado en la Encuesta de Tolerancia y No Discriminación. Los análisis de varianza mostraron que existen diferencias significativas en función de sexo, religión y orientación política. Las mujeres obtuvieron puntajes significativamente menores que los hombres en homofobia, las personas no religiosas y de izquierda obtuvieron menores puntuaciones en todas las dimensiones analizadas comparado con las personas religiosas y de derecha. Los análisis de mediación múltiple mostraron que las variables mediadoras explican esas diferencias en la homofobia y la xenofobia.

Abstract This research examines in Chilean university students the relationship between xenophobia and homophobia with socio-demographic variables (sex, religion and political orientation), and the mediating role of classism and patrio-centrism in the relationship of socio-demographic variables with xenophobia and homophobia. We applied quantitative methodology with correlational design. The study involved 509 students, with mean age of 20.81 years (SD= 2.25). The participants answered a questionnaire based on the Survey of Tolerance and Non-Discrimination. The analysis of variance showed that there are significant differences by sex, religion and political orientation. Women showed lower levels of homophobia compared to women, and non-believers and left-wing participants scored lower in all dimensiones analyzed compared to believers and right-wing participants. Furthermore, multiple mediation analyses showed that patrio-centrism and classism explain differences in homophobia and xenophobia.

Resumo Esta pesquisa examina, em estudantes universitários chilenos, a relação entre xenofobia, homofobia e as variáveis: orientação política, religião e sexo. Também se avalia o papel mediador do classismo e do patriocentrismo na relação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas e a xenofobia e a homofobia. Utilizou-se metodologia quantitativa com desenho descritivo correlacional. Participaram 509 estudantes, com média de 20.81 anos de idade (dp=2.25). Empregou-se um questionário abreviado baseado na Enquete de Tolerância e Não Discriminação. As análises de variação mostraram que existem diferenças significativas em função de orientação política, religião e sexo. As mulheres obtiveram pontuações significativamente menores do que os homens em homofobia; as pessoas não religiosas e de esquerda tiveram menores pontuações em todas as dimensões analisadas, em comparação com as religiosas e de direita. As análises de mediação múltipla mostraram que as variáveis mediadoras explicam essas diferenças na homofobia e na xenofobia.

La Psicología Política como momento de la Psicología Social en Chile: desplazamientos conceptuales y temáticos / A Psicologia Política como momento da Psicologia Social no Chile: deslocamentos conceituais e temáticos / Political Psychology as a moment of Social Psychology in Chile: conceptual and thematic shifts

El artículo propone entender a la psicología política como un momento de la psicología social, que se articula de manera diferente con las dimensiones de "la política y lo político" a partir de los cambios históricos de la sociedad y teóricos de la disciplina. Esta perspectiva permite observar cómo buena parte de la investigación psicosocial no ha sido incluida en las definiciones tradicionales de psicología política aun cuando pueda ser referida a fenómenos políticos o sociales. En base a este enfoque, se ofrece una panorámica de los tópicos de investigación psicosocial desarrollados actualmente en Chile y una identificación de los desplazamientos temáticos que se producen al interior de cada uno de los núcleos temáticos expuestos.(AU)

O artigo propõe entender a psicologia política como um momento da psicologia social, que se articula de maneira diferente com as dimensões da "política e o político" a partir das mudanças históricas da sociedade e dos teóricos da disciplina. Esta perspectiva permite observar como boa parte da pesquisa psicossocial não tem sido incluída nas definições tradicionais da psicologia política, mesmo quando se refere a fenômenos políticos ou sociais. Com base neste enfoque, os autores oferecem um panorama dos tópicos da pesquisa psicossocial desenvolvidos atualmente no Chile, bem como uma identificação dos deslocamentos temáticos produzidos no interior de cada um dos núcleos temáticos expostos.(AU)

This article seeks to understand political psychology as a moment of social psychology which is articulated differently along the dimensions of "policy and politics" and the historical changes of society and theoretical changes in the discipline. This perspective allows us to observe to what extent psychosocial research has not been included in the traditional definition of political psychology, even though it may be referred to political or social phenomena. Based on this approach the article provides an overview of currently psychosocial research topics in Chile as well as the identification of thematic shifts occurred within each reviewed thematic core(AU)

La Psicología Política como momento de la Psicología Social en Chile: desplazamientos conceptuales y temáticos / A Psicologia Política como momento da Psicologia Social no Chile: deslocamentos conceituais e temáticos / Political Psychology as a moment of Social Psychology in Chile: conceptual and thematic shifts

El artículo propone entender a la psicología política como un momento de la psicología social, que se articula de manera diferente con las dimensiones de "la política y lo político" a partir de los cambios históricos de la sociedad y teóricos de la disciplina. Esta perspectiva permite observar cómo buena parte de la investigación psicosocial no ha sido incluida en las definiciones tradicionales de psicología política aun cuando pueda ser referida a fenómenos políticos o sociales. En base a este enfoque, se ofrece una panorámica de los tópicos de investigación psicosocial desarrollados actualmente en Chile y una identificación de los desplazamientos temáticos que se producen al interior de cada uno de los núcleos temáticos expuestos...

O artigo propõe entender a psicologia política como um momento da psicologia social, que se articula de maneira diferente com as dimensões da "política e o político" a partir das mudanças históricas da sociedade e dos teóricos da disciplina. Esta perspectiva permite observar como boa parte da pesquisa psicossocial não tem sido incluída nas definições tradicionais da psicologia política, mesmo quando se refere a fenômenos políticos ou sociais. Com base neste enfoque, os autores oferecem um panorama dos tópicos da pesquisa psicossocial desenvolvidos atualmente no Chile, bem como uma identificação dos deslocamentos temáticos produzidos no interior de cada um dos núcleos temáticos expostos...

This article seeks to understand political psychology as a moment of social psychology which is articulated differently along the dimensions of "policy and politics" and the historical changes of society and theoretical changes in the discipline. This perspective allows us to observe to what extent psychosocial research has not been included in the traditional definition of political psychology, even though it may be referred to political or social phenomena. Based on this approach the article provides an overview of currently psychosocial research topics in Chile as well as the identification of thematic shifts occurred within each reviewed thematic core...